Supreme Court blocks Trump birthright citizenship order, backs conservative wins
The justices rejected Trump’s birthright-citizenship order, but their term also made it harder for lower courts to block presidents and easier for conservatives to reshape elections and schools.
On June 30, the Supreme Court voted 6-3 against Donald Trump’s birthright-citizenship order. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the opinion rejecting the executive order Trump signed on his first day back in office in January 2025, but the same term also delivered decisions that widened presidential room to maneuver, strengthened conservative priorities in schools and elections, and narrowed the tools available to challengers.
In Trump v. CASA, the justices held 6-3 that federal district courts generally lack authority to issue nationwide injunctions, a ruling grounded in the Judiciary Act of 1789 and the Court’s power to limit lower-court blocks to the parties before it. The birthright-citizenship case left the Constitution question unresolved for the broader system, while making it harder for opponents to stop a president’s policy across the country at once.
It allowed states to ban transgender student athletes from women’s sports teams in a 6-3 ruling that affects laws in roughly 25 states restricting transgender participation in school sports. It also struck down federal limits on coordinated spending between political parties and candidates in National Republican Senatorial Committee v. Federal Election Commission, overruling the 2001 decision in Federal Election Commission v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee and opening a wider fundraising channel for Republicans heading into the November midterms.
The Court blocked or narrowed three of his major priorities this term: the birthright-citizenship order, tariffs imposed under a national-emergencies law, and his attempt to fire a Federal Reserve governor. No president had tried to remove a Fed official since the central bank was created in 1913. The Court also backed Trump’s firing of Democratic Federal Trade Commission member Rebecca Slaughter in a separate case, a dispute touching Humphrey’s Executor, the 1935 precedent protecting some independent-agency leaders from at-will removal.
SCOTUSblog counted at least 24 emergency-docket rulings in 2025 involving Trump administration actions, with 20 favorable and four unfavorable. Reuters found the Court sided with Trump fully or partially in 21 of 23 emergency cases after he returned to office.
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