Supreme Court nears term’s end with major Trump power cases pending

The Supreme Court was heading into the end of its term with 20 cases still undecided out of 58 argued, and several of the biggest remaining disputes went straight to Donald Trump’s claim that a president can exercise far broader control over the federal government. The court had already issued five rulings on Tuesday, and more opinions were expected Thursday, a late-term stretch that can spill into July but was set against an unusually crowded docket of Trump-related power cases.

Among the pending matters is Trump v. Barbara, the birthright citizenship case the justices heard on April 1. Another centers on Trump’s effort to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook. The court also has disputes over attempts to remove members of independent agencies and over the administration’s move to end temporary humanitarian legal status for about 350,000 Haitians and about 6,000 Syrians. Together, those cases reach far beyond any one administration’s policy agenda and could reset how power is divided among the White House, Congress, federal agencies and the courts.

The stakes are heightened by the court’s 6-3 conservative majority, which includes three Trump appointees, Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh and Amy Coney Barrett. That majority has repeatedly backed Trump on emergency requests while lower-court litigation continued, making the Supreme Court a central arena for disputes over the unitary executive theory, the idea that the president should control the executive branch more directly.

Sam Erman, a University of Michigan constitutional law professor, said it is normal for major cases to arrive near the end of a term, but unusual to have so many blockbuster fights stacked together. He said Trump’s novel uses of presidential power have raised large questions about government structure and how executive authority works.

The June 27, 2025 decision in Trump v. CASA also hangs over this term’s final weeks. By limiting universal injunctions against federal policies, the court made it harder for lower courts to stop Trump initiatives nationwide while challenges move forward. That means the justices’ remaining rulings will shape not only the reach of Trump’s agenda, but also how much protection challengers can win from the courts while those fights continue.